Definition:4D Scanning Transmission ... by collecting a two-dimensional (2D) diffraction pattern at each pixel of the scanned area, leading to a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) spatial and ...

The appearance of such edge phenomena results from the non-trivial 4D topology ... The 1D edge states of the 2D system are pumped in response to a single pump parameter and map onto 3D ...

In short, 4D ultrasound imaging is a 3D ultrasound in live motion. 4D ultrasounds utilize either a 2D transducer, which rapidly acquires 20-30 volumes or a matrix array, which instead uses a 3D ...

2D NMR differs from 1D NMR by the acquisition stage being separated from the excitation stage. The stages in between these are called evolution and mixing. The evolution sequence lets nuclei ...