That’s because brushless DC motors require carefully timed signals used in a process called Electronic Speed Control (ESC). [Fileark] built and ESC using an Arduino and has a couple of posts ...

If a stepper motor ... DC motor coupled to an optical encoder. Both the motor and the encoder are connected to an Arduino Pro Mini which receives step and direction commands from the printer ...

Speed control ... Full 4 quadrant control can be achieved with brushless motors using only hall sensors. A DC tacho or encoder can be optionally used with the DC motor for tighter feedback loops ...