The Arduino is fast enough to support the ISA bus speed, but the card also needs the PC’s clock line to operate, and it only supports three modes: 80 x 25, 16 colour text, 320 x 200, 256 colour ...

After a bit of reverse engineering the funky data stream, he had an Arduino pulling the serial data. All that was left was the addition of a VGA shield for output.

Arduino VGA Shield Duiono III Graphics Card (video) 12:59 pm May 17, 2016 By Julian Horsey ...

The VGADuino-II, is a Graphic Shield specifically designed for Arduino with a higher resolution, and higher speed and offers support for 256 colours. Check out the video below for more details.