For example, the calculus derivative of the hyperbolic tangent function is (1 - y)(1 + y). Because the back-propagation algorithm requires the derivative, only functions that have derivatives can be ...

Learn With Jay. Backpropagation In Neural Networks — Full Derivation Step-By-Step. Posted: May 7, 2025 | Last updated: July 11, 2025. Don’t just use backprop — understand it.

Neuromorphic systems can accelerate neural networks by performing multiply-accumulate operations in parallel using nonvolatile analog memory. However, executing the widely used backpropagation ...

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are inspired by the human brain and are built to simulate the interconnected processes that help humans reason and learn. They become smarter through back ...

The most common algorithm used to train feed-forward neural networks is called back-propagation. Back-propagation compares neural network actual outputs (for a given set of inputs, and weights and ...