Computers need programming languages to function. That’s just a simple fact ... The engine itself is basic compared to the machines of today, but it still allowed for computation and tabulation ...

"Many variants of the programming language appeared in the '70s and '80s, and BASIC became a standard ... they began to perform functions that were different from those of the original language ...

We aim to provide a bridge from the student-oriented How to Design Programs languages to real ... statements, types, functions, branches and iteration, user-defined types, data hiding, basic UNIX ...