Signal flow graph . To construct the SFG we need models for an Impedance Z and an op-amp. Let’s do the easy one first. The op-amp schematic and SFG are shown below. Op amp schematic . Op amp signal ...

Instead of Circuit Theory, gain equations are extracted from a Signal Flow Graph (SFG) by Mason’s Gain Formula. Voltage Signal Analysis (VSA) creates a SFG from the Circuit Schematic . Both the ...

The I-V graph for a linear circuit element. Non-linear circuit elements. Components which show I–V graphs that are not straight lines are non-linear circuit elements.