In Java, objects are passed by reference ... but at the same time we want to keep the example simple and easy to understand. Our example is quite similar to Robert Martin’s in terms of class structure ...

as in the following example. String s1 = new String("Hello world!"); That code will create an s1 string object and a reference variable. As noted, Java strings are immutable. Once created, a string ...

For example, in a payroll system, a class could be Manager ... Today, C++, C#, Java, Visual Basic.NET and Python are popular object-oriented languages. The following compares basic OOP terms ...