Our 4-bit example results in a 16-QAM signal “constellation” of 16 symbols (16 = 24), forming a 16-point grid when viewed on a modulation analyzer. Typical digital transmission systems use a 16-QAM, ...

Professor Xufeng Jing's research team at China Jiliang University has conducted a systematic study on wireless communication technologies based on ...

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course introduces the fundamentals of digital signaling, information theory and coding, digital transmission and reception. The goal is to equip the students with basic ...

A standard, digital GSM cell phone does 104 kbits/s in a 200-kHz channel, making the spectral efficiency 0.53 (bits/s)/Hz. Add EDGE modulation and that jumps to 1.93 (bits/s)/Hz.

Channel widths range from 200 kHz for GSM systems to 22 MHz for 802.11b. Digital modulation encodes two or more data bits into a single symbol.

When I wrote about why we should blame our hatred of phone calls on equipment and infrastructure rather than human habits, I talked about the digital-switching infrastructure called pulse code ...

This part is an all-digital PLL chip that most engineers have never heard of. The 74HC297 can digitally modulate an applied clock. It performs this task by adding or subtracting a pulse to or from a ...