Our 4-bit example results in a 16-QAM signal “constellation” of 16 symbols (16 = 24), forming a 16-point grid when viewed on a modulation analyzer. Typical digital transmission systems use a 16-QAM, ...

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course introduces the fundamentals of digital signaling, information theory and coding, digital transmission and reception. The goal is to equip the students with basic ...

Professor Xufeng Jing's research team at China Jiliang University has conducted a systematic study on wireless communication technologies based on ...

A standard, digital GSM cell phone does 104 kbits/s in a 200-kHz channel, making the spectral efficiency 0.53 (bits/s)/Hz. Add EDGE modulation and that jumps to 1.93 (bits/s)/Hz.

Channel widths range from 200 kHz for GSM systems to 22 MHz for 802.11b. Digital modulation encodes two or more data bits into a single symbol.

When I wrote about why we should blame our hatred of phone calls on equipment and infrastructure rather than human habits, I talked about the digital-switching infrastructure called pulse code ...

This part is an all-digital PLL chip that most engineers have never heard of. The 74HC297 can digitally modulate an applied clock. It performs this task by adding or subtracting a pulse to or from a ...