This makes Python flexible and convenient for developers because you don’t have to rigorously define and track variable ... what types are returned from a function, but if you plan on using ...

But then I show them that functions and classes are both objects, and they realize that Python's notion of "everything" is a bit more expansive than theirs. (And yes, Python's definition of ...

Here is a toy example of how to use cProfile: def add ... know whether a function called at startup is making everything else wait. cProfile is hardly the only way to profile a Python application.