models are rules (learned by the computer’s training algorithm instead of stated directly by humans) that define a sequence of operations. For example, last year in the UK, the media described ...

For example, if one criterion ... In 2013, the Hummingbird algorithm was a major change in order to deliver more targeted results for users. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY.

But here’s the absolute simplest definition ... Machine vision is an important example, since it also demonstrates the way algorithms often learn how to do their jobs better by messing them ...

These “sniffing algorithms”—used, for example, by a sell-side market maker—have the built-in intelligence to identify the existence of any algorithms on the buy side of a large order.

But algorithms, unlike humans, are susceptible to a specific type of problem called an “adversarial example.” These are specially designed optical illusions that fool computers into doing ...