A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller can be used to control temperature, pressure, flow, and other process variables. A PID controller combines proportional control with additional ...

For this unit, the PID controller board needs to output a 12-V PWM signal to control motor speed, and use an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) channel to sense the position of the actuator.

The closed-loop control diagram of a second-order system, incorporating a second derivative gain (D Diff. Gain) along with feed-forward gains for velocity, acceleration, and jerk.