The evolution of image hashing methods has transitioned from classical approaches—employing techniques such as block truncation coding and discrete cosine transforms—to more advanced, data ...

Hashing techniques have emerged as critical tools in the management and retrieval of large-scale image and multimedia datasets. By mapping high-dimensional data into compact binary codes, these ...

It covers a range of data structures such as priority queues, hash functions, and trees alongside algorithmic design techniques such as divide and conquer, dynamic programming, and greedy algorithms.