If the test is a 1-tail test, this probability is called the p-value. (For the example the p-value=0.003). If the test is a 2-tail test, double the probability to find the p-value. Step 3: If the ...

Today our goal is to cover hypothesis testing and the basic z-test, as these are fundamental to understanding how the t-test works. We’ll return to the t-test soon — with real data.

Example of Hypothesis Testing If a researcher wants to test if a penny is fair, the null hypothesis would state that the probability of landing on heads is exactly 50%. The alternative hypothesis ...

Sample surveys often have complex sample designs with multistage cluster sampling, stratification, and differential selection probabilities. This article is concerned with testing the null hypothesis ...

Hypothesis Testing 4--Chi-Square for Goodness of Fit Tests and Independence In Hypothesis Testing 1, 2 and 3, you have used normal and t-distributions to test hypotheses. Chi-Square tests use the ...