In a world increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence, the question of how machines make decisions under uncertain ...

They'd be cracking most online-security systems, revolutionizing science and even, in effect, solving the other six of the so-called Millennium Problems, all of which were chosen in the year 2000.

The result purported to solve the problem of all problems—the Holy Grail of theoretical computer science, worth a $1 million prize and fame rivaling Aristotle’s forevermore.

For instance, when a healthy person meets a person infected with COVID, the result can be two people infected. ... "I wasn't out to find a solution to the old problem in computer science at all.

These problems, called NP-complete, were independently formulated and shown to exist in the early 1970s by two computer scientists, American Canadian Stephen Cook and Ukrainian American Leonid Levin.