The primitive types in Java are boolean ... This avoids both the memory and performance overhead of object creation. Besides the actual wrapper types, other classes in the class libraries take ...

Java provides a way for the programmer to exercise control over memory management by marking certain objects as expendable via reference objects. Should an application’s memory requirements ...

Classes, fields, methods, constructors, and objects are the building blocks of object-based Java applications ... You don’t have to create any Book objects to call class methods.

That’s because every time we create an object in Java, an object reference is created in Java’s memory heap. This lets us modify objects using their reference variables. See my InfoWorld ...

Object slicing throws away information. But in some situations this may be exactly what we want. In Java, objects are passed by reference ... followed by a valid identifier. We could create a proxy to ...