Obfuscation tools work with source code, machine or binary code, and bytecode. To determine which type of code is best to obfuscate, you need to keep in mind the limitations of each choice.

Virtually all compilers -- programs that transform human-readable source code into computer-executable machine code -- are vulnerable to an insidious attack in which an adversary can introduce ...

For the ACM to process the ballots and count votes, the ACM source code must first be converted into "machine code." Machine code, also called "executable code" is in a form of instructions that a ...