Known today as Karatsuba’s Algorithm, this breakthrough challenged the long-held belief that multiplying two n-digit numbers ...

Definition/Definiteness: An algorithm must be a clearly described process, with each step in its instructions laying out precisely what it does to reach the endpoint.

Bob uses Alice's encapsulation key from step #2 to encapsulate the random value, producing a ciphertext. Bob sends the ciphertext from step #4 back to Alice.