TCP/IP also is a layered protocol but does not use all of the OSI layers, though the layers are equivalent in operation and function (Fig. 2). The network access layer is equivalent to OSI layers ...

It also provides the basic scheme for creating and implementation of network devices. This paper explains the 2 popular reference models: OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, by comparing the ...

With computer networks, all of the intelligence is at the intersections — the Layer 3 devices. All the packet (or car in this analogy) really knows is where it’s coming from and where it wants ...