That’s because brushless DC motors require carefully timed signals used in a process called Electronic Speed Control (ESC). [Fileark] built and ESC using an Arduino and has a couple of posts ...

Speed control ... Full 4 quadrant control can be achieved with brushless motors using only hall sensors. A DC tacho or encoder can be optionally used with the DC motor for tighter feedback loops ...

Rotating the encoder shaft plunged the outputs low. The length of time that the lines stayed low was proportional to the speed ... A stepper motor and driver was wired up to the Arduino UNO ...