Our 4-bit example results in a 16-QAM signal “constellation” of 16 symbols (16 = 24), forming a 16-point grid when viewed on a modulation analyzer. Typical digital transmission systems use a 16-QAM, ...

Specifically, the students will learn from this course how to compress data to use less channel bandwidth without sacrificing information by using source coding techniques, how to protect transmitted ...

A standard, digital GSM cell phone does 104 kbits/s in a 200-kHz channel, making the spectral efficiency 0.53 (bits/s)/Hz. Add EDGE modulation and that jumps to 1.93 (bits/s)/Hz.

When I wrote about why we should blame our hatred of phone calls on equipment and infrastructure rather than human habits, I talked about the digital-switching infrastructure called pulse code ...

Channel widths range from 200 kHz for GSM systems to 22 MHz for 802.11b. Digital modulation encodes two or more data bits into a single symbol.

Swept-spectrum analyzers provide superior resolution and dynamic range when working with stable signals, and vector signal analyzers are better at digital modulation analysis. But the ability to see ...

This part is an all-digital PLL chip that most engineers have never heard of. The 74HC297 can digitally modulate an applied clock. It performs this task by adding or subtracting a pulse to or from a ...