In this article you’ve leaned how to implement the Builder Pattern using nested classes in Java. You’ve seen an example where this provides improved encapsulation compared to a more ...

Through encapsulation, you hide the details of a type’s implementation. In Java, encapsulation basically translates to this simple guideline: “Don’t access your object’s data directly; use ...

Improving C++ Encapsulation with the Pimpl Idiom.NET and Java developers are perplexed about the indiscreet way C++ discloses private class details. Pimpl (pointer-to-implementation) solves this ...