The familiar formatted string, or f-string, feature in Python provides a convenient way to print variables as part of a string. But it doesn’t let you interact with the way strings are created ...

For example, a user may enter a text string in all capital letters and you need to normalize the data by translating it to lower case. You can translate user input to lowercase using Python's ...

Because we declared name as an int already, and input by default returns a string, the type checker would complain. The code would still run, however, since type hints are not used at runtime.

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