Inheritance and composition ... it is also clear that this code does not pass the “is a” test. Now let’s try the same example using composition: import java.util.HashSet; import java.util ...

We will focus on the relationship between polymorphism and Java inheritance ... That’s ugly code, isn’t it? Imagine trying to maintain it! Now look at the same example with polymorphism ...

Some exceptions in Java must be handled in the developer's code. Other exceptions can occur without any exception handling semantics at all. When an exception must be handled with try-and-catch ...