In deep learning, the optimization techniques are for the most part dependent on gradient descent methods, such as SGD, ADAM which adopt the leading place in the area of optimization methods.

Background Diagnosing the presence of metastasis of pancreatic cancer is pivotal for patient management and treatment, with ...

This study proposes robust convolutional neural network (CNN)-based automatic modulation classification (AMC) techniques. Traditional AMCs may be classified into two types: those that rely on ML ...