This article assumes you have expert-level programming skills with a C-family language. I coded the demo program using C#, but you shouldn't have too much trouble refactoring my code to another ...

All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology ...

The primary logic in a program, which is input-process-output and repeat. The main loop continually tests for input and calls the appropriate routines to process it. Outputs are updated files sent ...

Second-generation languages are machine-dependent assembly languages, and third-generation languages (3GLs) are high-level programming languages, such as FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C/C++ and Java.

If you examine both figures you'll see that, in essence, a neural network accepts some numeric inputs (2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 in this example), does some processing and produces some numeric outputs (0.93 ...