CommonJS modules represent the first time a JavaScript community has converged on a module system that is as good as (if not better than) the best of Python and Ruby's—supporting not only ...

The difficulty arises from two different JavaScript module systems used in tooling essential to TypeScript: ECMAScript modules (ESM) used in the official JavaScript standard, and CommonJS (CJS ...

CJS (CommonJS) If you’ve ever written server-side JavaScript using Node.js, you’ve used CommonJS modules. Each file you write isn’t wrapped in anything fancy, but has access to a variable ...