println (newHope.id) // outputs “4” It’s an interesting design difference between requiring a visibility declaration, as Java does, versus assuming public, as Kotlin does.

The growth has put Kotlin in second place, albeit well behind Java, but now ahead of Clojure and Scala. Oracle JDK – Java Development Kit – is also losing share to OpenJDK alternatives.

Java still holds a large majority, with 86.9% of developers saying they use it as their main programming language for building JVM applications, compared to 5.5% with Kotlin.

Oracle has released new versions of Java every six months as of Java 10, which it released in March 2018. The aim is to bring customers more innovation faster while also providing predictability ...