An open stub is added to achieve the wide operating bandwidth of the antenna. The size of a single antenna element and the 1 $\times $ 2 array-unit (AU) are 20 $\times $ 21.5 mm2 and 40 $\times $ 21.5 ...

Realization of new digital logic is essential for making revolutionary changes in low power and high speed performance. In modern VLSI technology, the occurrence of all kinds of errors has become ...