Since Java 21, wrapper classes have played an increasingly sophisticated role in Java’s type system. Here’s everything you ...

This paper focuses on solving the linear quadratic regulator problem for discrete-time linear systems without knowing system matrices. The classical Q-learning methods for linear systems can be ...

To accurately simulate the thin layer of linear dispersive media, an improved 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is proposed. The inclusion of a weak conditionally stabilized hybrid ...