This study introduces a novel financial system modeled using variable-order fractional derivatives of the Caputo-Fabrizio type, allowing the system’s memory to change dynamically over time. Three ...

ABSTRACT: We introduce the Kernel-based Partial Conditional Mean Dependence, a scalar-valued measure of conditional mean dependence of Y given X , while adjusting for the nonlinear dependence on Z .

Then, by means of what we call quasi-stationary training and spatial consistency post-processing, the SOAP model generates accurate pseudo-labels for stationary objects, closing a minimum of 30.3% ...