R. Ramesh, Mark H. Karwan, Stanley Zionts, Preference Structure Representation Using Convex Cones in Multicriteria Integer Programming, Management Science, Vol. 35 ...

Knowledge representation and reasoning in logic programming constitute a core area of artificial intelligence that formalises how information is symbolically encoded and manipulated.

For the types of functions you're talking about (ie. functions that return multiple values, of different types) I see it slightly differently than you seem to: I see the need/use of out params as ...

Like most other complex AI systems, AlphaDev consists of several distinct components. One of them is a representation function, which tracks the overall performance of the code as it's developed.

Michal Yerushalmy, Designing Representations: Reasoning about Functions of Two Variables, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Jul., 1997 ...