Just as people from different countries speak different languages, AI models also create various internal "languages"—a ...

The artificial intelligence community has long struggled with a fundamental challenge of making AI systems transparent and understandable. As large language models become increasingly powerful, ...

We prove that it is NP-hard to properly PAC learn decision trees with queries, resolving a longstanding open problem in learning theory (Bshouty 1993; Guijarro–Lavín–Raghavan 1999; Mehta–Raghavan 2002 ...