The data structure of Huffman codes and its application to efficient encoding and decoding of Huffman codes are studied in detail. The tree structure is presented by a two-dimensional array which can ...

Large language models (LLMs) have changed the game for machine translation (MT). LLMs vary in architecture, ranging from decoder-only designs to encoder-decoder frameworks. Encoder-decoder models, ...

Encoder-Decoder Architectures. Encoder-decoder architectures are a broad category of models used primarily for tasks that involve transforming input data into output data of a different form or ...

This information encoding system is called binary. It's the form of encoding that allows computers to run. Binary uses two states (represented by the digits 0 and 1) to encode information. This ...

Secondly, they used this filtered signal to generate a frequency modulated signal with constant amplitude [see appendix A of Batteau and Markley (Moshier, 1967)], whereas human whistled speech tends ...

Encoding and decoding must be done in real-time, that is, the distortion measure does not tolerate delays. Under the assumption that the encoders' observations are conditionally independent Markov ...