Accurately identifying fault modes in track circuits is crucial for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the equipment. However, in practical diagnostic processes, there is often an imbalance ...

To overcome the pitfalls of sample size and dimensionality, this study employed variational autoencoder (VAE), which is a dynamic framework for unsupervised learning in recent years.

In this article, in order to better handle this problem, a novel generative model named the conditional variational autoencoder with an adversarial training process (CVA 2 E) is proposed for ...