In the two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (2E-CVRP), the delivery to customers from a depot uses intermediate depots, called satellites. The 2E-CVRP involves two levels of routing ...

The capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) deals with the distribution of a single commodity from a centralized depot to a number of specified customer locations with known demands. The CVRP ...

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP): A combinatorial optimisation challenge focused on determining the most efficient routes for a fleet of vehicles to service a set of customers.

The algorithms developed for these problems have evolved significantly, integrating advanced metaheuristic and machine learning techniques to handle increasingly complex real-world constraints ...