Examples of 3GLs include COBOL, BASIC, Fortran, C, C++, Java, and Pascal. ... we can make some educated guesses as to what forms programming abstraction will take in the future.

This Java release effectively notified developers that it’s no longer sufficient to think about Java programming only from the imperative, object-oriented perspective.

Figure 1 shows the individual execution times for the three Java virtual machines I used with M=10,000 and N=4,000. Figure 1. Data Abstraction Penalty Benchmark results. As you can see from Table 1 ...