Maximum is 32256 bytes. Global variables use 9 bytes (0%) of dynamic memory, leaving 2039 bytes for local variables. ... These simple examples should get you started programming Arduino.

Using these features of the language you no longer have to worry about specifying a 16-bit variable, ... The second difference is a bit more esoteric, at least in Arduino programming.

Arduino microcontrollers have added Python to the range of compatible programming languages. Others can be used, and not just Arduino's own IDE app.