Everything in Python is an object, or so the saying goes. If you want to create your own custom objects, with their own properties and methods, you use Python’s class object to make that happen.

Python’s implementation of object orientation does have a few quirks. For example, if you create a class variable, it can be read from a subclass without specifying scope like you’d expect.

In Python, everything is an object, including classes. Therefore, just as you can create an instance of a class, you can also create a class using another class.

The abstract factory design is used to a set of related instances without specifying the concrete classes — it uses the factory method design pattern to create instances of classes.