Next, nine independent ML algorithms were applied to generate features' importance score or ranking without manual weighting or preference, including Boruta, Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting ...

The output error model is widely used in industrial modeling. This work introduces an innovative gradient algorithm tailored for output error models. It is wide ...

Decision-making during the early stages of research and development (R&D) should be informed by both economic and ecological perspectives. While early stage cost assessments are well established, life ...

The proposed NGMO incorporates good point sets and dynamic opposition learning strategies during the population initialization and generation hopping phases to enhance the search capabilities of ...