In Java, encapsulation basically translates to this simple guideline: “Don’t access your object’s data directly; use its methods.” That is an elementary idea, but it eases our lives as ...

Object-oriented systems are usually partitioned into layers of related responsibilities and only dependencies in one direction are allowed, from higher layers (more specific, less reusable) to lower ...

Persistence is one of the greatest challenges for building applications. There are many options for building persistence layers. Data Access Objects (DAO) is a popular design pattern for building the ...

Java objects in a relational database context are defined as entities. Entities are objects that are placed in tables where they occupy columns and rows, thereby outliving their existence in the ...