Psychological testing has evolved from Freud to AI and eye tracking. Technology adds depth, but theory and ethics must guide its use to ensure meaningful and equitable diagnoses.

The main goal in many fields in the empirical sciences is to discover causal relationships among a set of variables from observational data. PC algorithm is one of the promising solutions to learn ...

With the increased application of machine learning (ML) algorithms to decision-making processes, the question of fairness of such algorithms came into the focus. Fairness testing aims at checking ...