Everything in Python is an object, or so the saying goes. If you want to create your own custom objects, with their own properties and methods, you use Python’s class object to make that happen.

Python’s implementation of object orientation does have a few quirks. For example, if you create a class variable, it can be read from a subclass without specifying scope like you’d expect.

Understanding classes in Python. Before diving into metaclasses, it’s essential to have a solid grasp of classes in Python. In Python, a class is a blueprint for creating objects.

How Python uses type hints (it doesn’t) A key misconception about Python type hints is how they’re used. Python type hints are not used at runtime, at least not ordinarily. In fact, when your ...