For the last three decades, databases and Structured Query Language (SQL) were almost synonymous. Anyone who wanted to retrieve information from a database had to learn SQL.

The ease and ubiquity of SQL have even led the creators of many “ NoSQL ” or non-relational data stores, such as Hadoop, to adopt subsets of SQL or come up with their own SQL-like query languages.

Native SQL queries that return an object array. Native SQL queries that map records to JPA entities. Hibernate and SQL together Hibernate and JPA can execute any valid SQL statement. By default, the ...