Using these features of the language you no longer have to worry about specifying a 16-bit variable, ... The second difference is a bit more esoteric, at least in Arduino programming.

The Java program can also read an Arduino program file and convert all the print calls in it to use the library, if you like. As you might expect, this requires some cooperation from your program.

Arduino microcontrollers have added Python to the range of compatible programming languages. Others can be used, and not just Arduino's own IDE app.